TOP 50 HERBS BY EVIDENCE SUPPORT
- A = strongest human evidence
- B = moderate human evidence
- C = limited/mixed human evidence
- D = mostly traditional or preclinical evidence
|
Herb |
Main human use with best support |
Rank |
|
|
1 |
Peppermint oil (Mentha × piperita) |
IBS symptom relief |
A |
|
2 |
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) |
Nausea, pregnancy nausea, motion sickness |
A |
|
3 |
Psyllium (Plantago ovata) |
Constipation, cholesterol support |
A |
|
4 |
St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) |
Mild to moderate depression |
A |
|
5 |
Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) |
BPH urinary symptoms |
A/B |
|
6 |
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) |
Liver support, liver enzyme improvement in some settings |
B |
|
7 |
Turmeric/curcumin (Curcuma longa) |
Osteoarthritis pain, inflammation markers |
B |
|
8 |
Garlic (Allium sativum) |
Lipids, blood pressure, immune-related outcomes |
B |
|
9 |
Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) |
Common cold prevention/treatment: mixed but usable evidence |
B/C |
|
10 |
Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) |
Sleep onset, insomnia |
B |
|
11 |
Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) |
Mild anxiety, sleep, GI soothing |
B |
|
12 |
Lavender (oral Silexan) (Lavandula angustifolia) |
Anxiety symptoms |
A/B |
|
13 |
Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) |
Recurrent UTI prevention |
A/B |
|
14 |
Psyllium + fiber herbs |
Bowel regularity, metabolic support |
A |
|
15 |
Artichoke leaf (Cynara scolymus) |
Dyspepsia, lipids |
B |
|
16 |
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) |
Stress, anxiety, sleep, fatigue |
B |
|
17 |
Rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea) |
Fatigue, stress-related symptoms |
B/C |
|
18 |
Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) |
Anxiety, sleep, calm |
B/C |
|
19 |
Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) |
Anxiety and sleep |
B/C |
|
20 |
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) |
Blood sugar, lactation support |
B/C |
|
21 |
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum/cassia) |
Glucose control: mixed |
C |
|
22 |
Propolis (bee product, often herbal supplement category) |
Oral health, cold symptoms |
C |
|
23 |
Holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum) |
Stress, glucose, inflammation |
C |
|
24 |
Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) |
Mild heart failure symptoms, circulation |
B/C |
|
25 |
Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) |
Dementia symptoms, circulation, tinnitus: mixed |
B/C |
|
26 |
Saw palmetto extract combinations |
Urinary symptom support |
B/C |
|
27 |
Boswellia (Boswellia serrata) |
Osteoarthritis, inflammatory pain |
B |
|
28 |
Devil’s claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) |
Low back pain, osteoarthritis |
B/C |
|
29 |
Butterbur (Petasites hybridus) |
Migraine prevention, allergic rhinitis |
B, but safety-limited |
|
30 |
Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) |
Migraine prevention |
B/C |
|
31 |
Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa) |
Menopausal symptoms |
B/C |
|
32 |
Red clover (Trifolium pratense) |
Menopausal symptoms |
C |
|
33 |
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) |
Dyspepsia, sore throat, ulcer support |
B/C |
|
34 |
Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) |
Cough, bronchitis symptom relief |
C |
|
35 |
Mullein (Verbascum thapsus) |
Respiratory soothing |
D |
|
36 |
Oregano (Origanum vulgare) |
Antimicrobial claims, digestion |
D |
|
37 |
Sage (Salvia officinalis) |
Oral/throat support, sweating |
C/D |
|
38 |
Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) |
Digestion, cognition: limited human data |
C/D |
|
39 |
Holy basil |
Stress support |
C |
|
40 |
Cat’s claw (Uncaria tomentosa) |
Inflammation, immune modulation |
C/D |
|
41 |
Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus) |
Immune support, fatigue |
C/D |
|
42 |
Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) |
Fatigue, immune modulation |
C/D |
|
43 |
Cordyceps (Cordyceps spp.) |
Exercise tolerance, fatigue |
C/D |
|
44 |
Schisandra (Schisandra chinensis) |
Liver/stress support |
C/D |
|
45 |
Nettle (Urtica dioica) |
Allergies, inflammation |
C |
|
46 |
Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) |
Digestion, bile support, diuresis |
D |
|
47 |
Burdock (Arctium lappa) |
Skin/digestive traditional use |
D |
|
48 |
Calendula (Calendula officinalis) |
Topical wound/skin support |
C/D |
|
49 |
Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) |
Topical burns/skin; oral constipation forms less favored |
B/C |
|
50 |
Arnica (Arnica montana) |
Topical bruising/soreness |
C |
How to interpret this ranking
- Higher rank = stronger and more consistent human clinical evidence for at least one common use.
- Some herbs are ranked high because they have good evidence for one specific condition, even if they are not broadly useful for everything.
- Safety matters: an herb can have evidence but still be inappropriate for some people.
Full references
- Black CD, Herring MP, Hurley DJ, O’Connor PJ. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) reduces muscle pain caused by eccentric exercise. J Pain. 2010;11(9):894-903. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2009.12.013
- Viljoen E, Visser J, Koen N, Musekiwa A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect and safety of ginger in the treatment of pregnancy-associated nausea and vomiting. Nutr J. 2014;13:20. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-13-20
- Cash BD, Epstein MS, Shah SM. A novel delivery system of peppermint oil is an effective therapy for irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. Dig Dis Sci. 2016;61(2):560-571. doi:10.1007/s10620-015-3858-7
- Ford AC, Quigley EMM, Lacy BE, et al. Efficacy of pharmacological therapies for irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Gut. 2019;68(8):1406-1415. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2015-311730
- Linde K, Berner MM, Kriston L. St John’s wort for major depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(4):CD000448. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000448.pub3
- Tack J, et al. Peppermint oil in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2019.
- Levine M, Ludwig A. Herbal medications for common ailments: a review. Am J Med. 2000;108(7):528-536.
- Gibb M, et al. Cranberry products for preventing urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023.
- Cameron M, Chrubasik S. Oral herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014.
- 10.Bent S, Padula A, Moore D, et al. Valerian for sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2006;119(12):1005-1012. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.02.026
- 11.Sarris J, Byrne GJ. A systematic review of insomnia treatments. Sleep Med Rev. 2011.
- 12.Ali B, Al-Wabel NA, Shams S, et al. Essential oils used in aromatherapy: a systematic review. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2015;5(8):601-611.