|
Age-Related Disease |
Change in A. muciniphila Abundance (Disease vs. Healthy) |
Efficacy After Intervention with A. muciniphila |
Potential Mechanisms |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Atherosclerosis |
Downward (mice) |
Beneficial for disease (mice) |
Maintain the intestinal barrier |
|
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm |
Downward (mice) |
Beneficial for disease (mice) |
Restoration of intestinal microbiota diversity and modulation of peripheral immune factor expression |
|
Vascular Calcification |
Not Available (NA) |
Beneficial for disease (mice) |
Improving the imbalance of the intestinal microbiota and maintaining the intestinal barrier |
|
Alzheimer’s Disease |
Not Available (NA) |
Beneficial for disease (rat and mice) |
Regulation of the composition of the intestinal microbiota |
|
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) |
Downward (mice) |
Beneficial for disease (mice) |
Elevated systemic and cerebrospinal fluid levels of nicotinamide |
|
Parkinson’s Disease |
Upward (human) |
Does not cause motor deficiency |
Not Available (NA) |
|
Osteoporosis |
Downward (human, rat, and mice) |
Beneficial for disease (mice) |
Secretion of extracellular vesicles |
|
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) |
Downward (human) |
Beneficial for disease (rat) |
Improving the imbalance of the intestinal microbiota and maintaining the intestinal barrier |
|
Type 2 Diabetes |
Downward (human and mice) |
Beneficial for disease (human and mice) |
Maintaining the intestinal barrier and secretion of a glucagon-like peptide-1-inducing protein |
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays an important role in immune function and has been implicated in several autoimmune disorders. Here we use 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate the gut microbiome in subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS, n=60) and healthy controls (n=43).
Microbiome alterations in MS include increases in Methanobrevibacter and Akkermansia and decreases in Butyricimonas, and correlate with variations in the expression of genes involved in dendritic cell maturation, interferon signaling, and NF-kB signaling pathways in circulating T cells and monocytes. [HARD TO KNOW WHAT IS HELPING MAKE MS IN THIS LIST. AND THINGS WE HAVE FOUND IN BRAIN AUTOPSIES DECADES AGO, ARE TOTALLY REJECTED MERELY DUE TO “MEDICAL FASHION” OR ANTI-SCIENCE]
Patients on disease-modifying treatment show increased abundances of Prevotella and Sutterella and decreased Sarcina, compared with untreated patients.
MS patients of a second cohort show elevated breath methane compared with controls, consistent with our observation of increased gut Methanobrevibacter in MS in the first cohort.
Further study is required to assess whether the observed alterations in the gut microbiome play a role in, or are a consequence of, MS pathogenesis.
Jangi S, Gandhi R, Cox LM, Li N, von Glehn F, Yan R, Patel B, Mazzola MA, Liu S, Glanz BL, Cook S, Tankou S, Stuart F, Melo K, Nejad P, Smith K, Topçuoğlu BD, Holden J, Kivisäkk P, Chitnis T, De Jager PL, Quintana FJ, Gerber GK, Bry L, Weiner HL. Alterations of the human gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis. Nat Commun. 2016 Jun 28;7:12015. doi: 10.1038/ncomms12015. PMID: 27352007; PMCID: PMC4931233.