Lyme causes brain inflammation by these sample reasons:
Lyme forms inside and outside cells like neurons and glial cells are present in chronic brain infection.
Lyme inside the nerves is highly variable making it harder for the immune system to zero in on all the Lyme in the brain.
Cystic forms [nuts] add to the brain inflammation.
These suggest that Borrelia burgdorferi may induce cellular dysfunction and apoptosis [cell death].
It is very important to understand diagnosis and treatment cannot be limited to spiral forms. Ignoring the critical atypical, cystic and granular forms in infected tissues is essential to treat chronic Lyme.
Miklossy J, Kasas S, Zurn AD, McCall S, Yu S, McGeer PL. Persisting atypical and cystic forms of Borrelia burgdorferi and local inflammation in Lyme neuroborreliosis. J Neuroinflammation. 2008 Sep 25;5:40. doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-5-40. PMID: 18817547; PMCID: PMC2564911.