Summary of Clinical Impact
| Agent | Identified Active Ingredient | Borrelia burgdorferi and/or garinii: Spirochete | Borrelia burgdorferi and/or garinii: Stationary | Borrelia burgdorferi and/or garinii: Biofilm | Bartonella henselae: Active | Bartonella henselae: Stationary | Bartonella henselae: Biofilm | Babesia Species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allicin (garlic) | Diallyl Disulfide (DADS) | 2 | 16,24 | |||||
| Alchornea cordifolia | Ellagic acid | 13 | ||||||
| Artemisia annua (Sweet wormwood) | Artemisinin | 13 | 1,7,11 | 1,13 | ||||
| Berberis vulgaris | Berberine | 5 | 19,25,21 | |||||
| Betula lenta (Birch sweet oil) | Methyl salicylate | 23 | 23 | 23 | ||||
| Cinnamomum cassia (Cassia oil) | Cinnamaldehyde | 2,23 | 2,3,23 | 3,23 | 4 | 4 | 29 | |
| Cistus creticus and incanus | Carvacrol | 1,3,17,18 | 1,3 | |||||
| Cryptolepis sanguinolenta | Cryptoleptine | 1,13 | 1 | 13,31 | 13,31 | 1,13 | ||
| Dipsacus sylvestris/Dipsacus fullonum (teasel root) | Multiple | 6,30 | ||||||
| Eugenia caryophyllata (Syzigium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae) – Clove | Diallyl Disulfide (DADS) | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 26,27 | ||
| Grapefruit seed extract (GSE) | Flavanoids/ascorbic acid | 6 | 6 | 4 | ||||
| Juglans nigra (black walnut) | Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) | 6 | 6 | 1 | 31 | 31 | ||
| Kelp | Iodine | 10 | 10 | 10 | ||||
| Matricaria chamomilla (Chamomile oil German) | Chamazulene | 23 | 23 | 23 | ||||
| Methylene blue | Methylene blue | 7 | 5,8 | 4,5,8 | 8 | 7,35 | ||
| Monolaurin (coconut oil) | Lauric acid | 10 | 6,10 | 6,10 | ||||
| Nigella sativa (Black cumin) | Thymoquinone | 36 | ||||||
| Oregano | Carvacrol & Diallyl Disulfide (DADS) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | ||
| Otoba parvifolia (Banderol) | Otoba parvifolia | 6 | 6 | |||||
| Pimenta racemosa (Bay Leaf Oil) | Eugonol | 23 | 23 | 23 | ||||
| Piper nigrum (Black Pepper) | B-Caryophyllene (BCP) | 16 | ||||||
| Polygonum cuspidatum (Japanese knotweed) | Resveratrol | 1 | 1 | 31 | 31 | 1,13 | ||
| Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac) | Multiple | 26 | ||||||
| Rosmarinic acid | Diallyl Disulfide (DADS) | 10,28 | ||||||
| Scutellaria baicalensis (Chinese skullcap) | Baicalein | 1,10,20 | 1,10,20 | 10,2 | 13 | |||
| Stevia | Stevioside and rebaudioside | 6,14 | 6,14 | 6,14 | ||||
| Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (Disulfiram) | Bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl)disulfide | 33,34 | 33 | 34,35 | ||||
| Thymus vulgaris (Thyme oil) | Thymol | 23 | 23 | 23 | ||||
| Uncaria tomentosa (Cat’s claw) | Isopteropodine & rynchophylline | 6 | 1,6 | 6 | ||||
| Vitamin C | Ascorbic acid | 10,28 | ||||||
| Vitamin D3 | Cholecalciferol | 10,28 |
Source
Shor, S.M.; Schweig, S.K. The Use of Natural Bioactive Nutraceuticals in the Management of Tick-Borne Illnesses. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 1759. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071759 (opens in new tab), Appendix A.