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25-Exposure Autoimmune Master Table I have ranked the agents by the overall strength of human epidemiology, clinical evidence, and mechanistic plausibility—not simply by their general toxicity. Evidence Scale ★★★★★ = Strongest human evidence★★★★ = Substantial★★★ = Moderate/emerging★★ = Limited but biologically plausible # Exposure/Toxicant Common Sources Autoimmune Diseases/Phenotypes Most Associated Important Immune Mechanisms Potential Clinical/Exposure Tests* Persistence Evidence 1 Crystalline

A “binder” is not automatically a general detoxifier. Some are highly specific medical antidotes, while others act mainly inside the gastrointestinal tract. # Binder What It Binds / Removes Main Evidence/Use 1 Activated charcoal Many drugs, organic poisons, plant toxins Acute GI poisoning 2 AST-120 (spherical carbon) Indoxyl sulfate precursors, other uremic toxins Human clinical studies 3 Prussian blue Cesium,

A “binder” is not automatically a general detoxifier. Some are highly specific medical antidotes, while others act mainly inside the gastrointestinal tract. I am deliberately separating true binding/sequestration from ordinary antidotes. For example, fomepizole treats methanol poisoning but does not bind methanol, so it is not included. Top 50 Human Binders and Their Exact Targets # Human Binder / Sequestrant