March 2026

Background Neuropathic pain is a difficult to treat disorder arising from central or peripheral nervous system lesions. The etiology of neuropathic pain consists of several overlapping pathways converging into an exaggerated pain state with symptoms such as allodynia and hyperalgesia. One of these pathways involves activation of spinal cord microglia and astrocytes, which drive and maintain the inflammatory response following

Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and typically follow either a lytic or lysogenic life cycle. In the lytic cycle, a phage attaches to a host cell, injects its genome, redirects host metabolism to produce progeny, and lyses the cell to release new virions. This rapid bactericidal process underlies their application as antimicrobial agents [49,50]. Host recognition is mediated by specific

Acute Onset and Episodic Changes in Behavior Clinical outcome is characterized by the rapid and dramatic onset of OCD plus tics. The beginning of specific symptoms can usually be assigned to a particular day or week, confirming that the onset is relatively rapid and obvious. The prolonged duration of the streptococcal infection could worsen the clinical outcome. Nevertheless, to comply